نشریه پژوهش در طب ورزشی و فناوری
پیاپی 4 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks resistance training (RT) on α -1A protein of pre-synaptic P-Q-type Calcium Channels in FHL and soleus muscles of rats. 16 male wistar rats provided from razi institute, randomly divided to 2 groups (Control-Sham; n=8 and Resistance Training; n= 8). Training group conducted 8 weeks (5 session/week) resistance program on special 1 meter height ladder (divided by 26 stairs) with loading 30% body weight (suspended from the tail) in the first week and increased to 200% BW in the last week. Training includes 3 set of 4 reps. with 3 min. rest between sets. Measuring α -1A protein with Western Blotting and independent T test showed that the amount of this protein insignificantly increased in FHL muscles of RT group (FHL: 77.88±10.67 vs. Control: 70.01± 6.28 and soleus: 72.71±19.72 vs. Control: 72.57 ± 20.20). This insignificant increase in α -1A protein in FHL, can shows an responsiveness of pre-synaptic P-Q-type Calcium Channels of muscles following resistance training for improving Ach release from presynaptic terminal, noted in NMJ adaptations. In conclusion, we can express that probably resistance training can be a main factor for α -1A protein improving in muscles and this case should be study in future investigations with high volume and intensities training.

Technology can provide safety in physical practices and improving the performance of these activities, so manufacturing of equipments for these purposes has been considered widely. The aim of the present paper was design and fabrication of three-axis accelerometer. hree acceleration sensors, three gyroscopes for angular velocity measurement, a microcontroller for converting analog data to digital, a semiconductor memory for storing the sampled data, a rechargeable battery and a spreadsheet in MATLAB environment have been used. In order to examine the validity of fabricated instrument, the earth gravity acceleration in three perpendicular axes have been measured and compared with 9.8m/S2. In order to examine the reliability of the fabricated accelerometer the ICC and test-re-test method have been used. The results showed that the accelerometer has both reliability and validity. Due to its special features, it enables us to sample in the offline mode and wireless manner. Such system may be used for measuring the acceleration of the athletes in wide variety of applications.

After an ankle injury, residual symptoms can followed to recurrent sprain in physical activity and 30% of its lead to functional ankle instability (FAI) Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the isokinetic concentric and eccentric torque measures of the ankle musculature to body weight in female athletes with and without FAI.30 female athletes, who play in pro league of Tehran, participated in this descriptive study. Participants were assessed using questionnaire and clinical tests. Isokinetic measurement speed for inversion and eversion was 60 and plantar flexion and dorsi flexion was 120 degree/ second.Data were analyzed by independent T- test.The results indicated a significant difference in peak torque of concentric plantar flexor to body weight in FAI and healthy groups (P<0.05).Therefore, concentric plantar flexion may be an important contributing factor to FAI; this finding could also lead to more effective protocols in the treatment and rehabilitation of FAI.

Identification of one karateka pave the way to reach the top honor. One of the parameters affecting at success of kumite players is The performance velocity of techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric characteristics with the performance velocity of Gyakuzuki technique in Elite female Karatekas. Thirty-one senior female kumite competitors of the Sepahan Mobarakeh Foolad karate team participated in this study. Somatotype and The anthropometric profile were measured. Also, The performance velocity of techniques was evaluated using quintic software. The findings showed that The mean somatotype of Karatekas was 3.9 - 4.8 – 3.1 (values for endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph, respectively). The Mesomorphic component strongly correlated with velocity of techniques Gyakuzuki. While, The values height, sitting height and humorous bone length negative correlated with velocity of technique Gyaku-zuki. The results indicated that the somatotype and anthropometric characteristics influence on the performance velocity of Gyaku-zuki technique.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between Anthropometric characteristics and hip joint flexibility among teenaged girls in football schools. The population of this study comprised 120 teenaged girls from football schools of Mashhad. 40 teenaged girls of the population with mean and standard deviation of age 13/90±0/84 years, weight 51/62±6/51 kg, and height 156/35±4/22 cm as subjects participated. The Anthropometric variables including calf length, tight length, calf circumference, hip circumference, knee diameter, pelvic width, and thickness of subcutaneous fat of iliac crest, iliac, front tight, middle of the calf, range of motion in flexion and extension were measured. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient with significant level of p < 0.05. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between thickness of subcutaneous fat in front tight, middle of the calf and the range of motion in hip flexion. However, there is a positive and significant relationship between pelvic width and the range of motion in hip extension. The results of the present study demonstrated that there is a relationship between thickness of subcutaneous fat and pelvic width and hip joint flexibility.

Youth swimming performance may be influenced by anthropometric, physiology, and biomechanical factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between 50-m front-crawl swimming performance and relevant anthropometrical (body height, body mass, body mass index, arm span, shoulders width, thigh, leg and upper arm lengths), muscle architectural (muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length) and biomechanical (stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index) parameters in male young swimmers, with 13.86±0.86 years of age (n = 23). Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the variance of the 50 meters front-crawl. Results indicate that stroke index, muscle thickness of Vastus Lateralis, and stroke length explained %89 (p <. 01) of 50-m front-crawl swimming performance variability in these young male swimmers, and stroke index was the best single predictor of swimming performance (R2=0.519, p<0.001). To conclude, performance of young male swimmers in the 50 meters front-crawl is determined predominantly by biomechanical and muscle architectural factors, and must be considered when predicting success in young swimmers.

This research aimed to compare two methods of kinesiotaping and stretching of upper trapezius muscle in treatment of neck pain due to forward head posture. Research Design of this research was semi-experimental. 36 subjects (29 female and 7 men) with forward head posture between 20-40 years of age with no history of neck pain due to vertebral fracture, disc herniation, tumors, radicular pain to hands and arthritis rheumatoid were selected for this research and assigned randomly into 2 groups with 18 subjects. One group received kinesiotaping treatment and the other group received stretching upper trapezius muscle treatment. Subjects received 10 treatment sessions 3 times per week. All subjects completed visual analog scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) pre and post-tests. The data were analyzed with significant level of p≤0/05. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15. Statistical paired t- test were used to analyze effects of kinesiotaping and stretching of upper trapezius muscle in reduction of neck pain and disability due to forward head posture in each group and independent t- test were used to compare the kinesiotaping with stretching of upper trapezius muscle in reduction of neck pain and disability due to forward head posture. The results of the present research indicated that there is a significant reduction in severity of neck pain and disability in both groups (P<0.05), But there is no significant difference between two groups in severity of neck pain and disability (P>0.05). This research showed that either kinesiotaping or stretching of upper trapezius muscle reduced severity of neck pain and disability due to trigger points of upper trapezius muscle significantly. Also findings of this research showed that there is no significant difference between kinesiotaping or stretching of upper trapezius muscle in reduction of severity of neck pain and disability. Therefore kinesiotaping can be used in case of vigorous pain either in patient under other treatment methods or in patient who cannot tolerate techniques like stretching or ischemic pressure until tolerable pain threshold.

Different sports require athletes with special shape and size. Findings of researches have reported the relationship between somatotype components and athletic performance, similarity of somatotype of junior and senior athletes in the same sport and, consistency of somatotype through lifespan. In according to the fact that, somatotype is related to genetic factors and not influenced by training and nutrition, this index can be helpful in identification of talents. Lack of investigation examining somatotype profile of Iranian population, the aim of present study was to describe somatotype profile of Iranian 9-13 years old boys of country provinces in martial sports. present investigation is descriptive and field study. Population is 9-13 years old boys who participated in Basij Sport Organization leisure time programs. Sample includes 1726 boys in that age rang. Anthropometric characteristics were measured using ISAK instruction and somatotpye was assessed using Heath-Carter method. results showed that Ectomorphic component of Iranian boys was 3.1, Mesomorphy was 4.1 and Endomorphic was 3.1. also revealed that the Iranian 9-13 years old boys have balanced mesomorph somatotype. based on previous researches, elite Karateka in worldwide top teams like Germany have Ectomorph-Mesomorph type, also somatotype of elite taekwondo ka is Ectomorph-Mesomorph too and in Judo somatotype of elite athletes is Balanced Mesomorphy. Based on the finding of present study the boys of Ilam, Fars, Qazvin, Qom, Lorestan, Khorasan Razavi and Yazd have Ectomorph-Mesomorph somatotype and, boys in Mazandaran, Kerman, Kemanshah, Kurdestan, Markazi, Azarbayjan Sharghi, Khouzestan and Bousher provinces have balanced mesomorph somatotye.